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Citrus 

Citrus

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue household, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including crucial crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus Citrus is belonging to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Different citrus types have actually been used and domesticated by native cultures in these locations since ancient times. From there its growing spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian growth (c. 3000– 1500 BCE); and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe and the Americas.

Citrus plants are native to tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania, and northeastern Australia. Domestication of citrus species included much hybridization and introgression, leaving much unpredictability about when and where domestication first happened. A change in climate conditions during the Late Miocene (11.63 to 5.33 mya) resulted in an abrupt speciation event.

This was later on followed by the spread of citrus species into Taiwan and Japan in the Early Pliocene (5.33 to 3.6 mya), leading to the tachibana orange (C. tachibana); and beyond the Wallace Line into Papua New Guinea and Australia throughout the Early Pleistocene (2.5 million to 800,000 years ago), where additional speciation occasions took place resulting in the Australian limes.

The earliest introductions of citrus species by human migrations was throughout the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000– 1500 BCE), where Citrus hystrix, Citrus macroptera, and Citrus maxima were amongst the canoe plants carried by Austronesian voyagers eastwards into Micronesia and Polynesia.

, including crucial crops such as oranges, lemons, limes, pomelos, and grapefruits. Different citrus species have actually been used and domesticated by native cultures in these areas considering that ancient times. Citrus plants are native to subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Island Southeast Asia, Near Oceania, and northeastern Australia. Domestication of citrus species involved much hybridization and introgression, leaving much uncertainty about when and where domestication first happened. A modification in environment conditions during the Late Miocene (11.63 to 5.33 mya) resulted in an abrupt speciation occasion.

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